The Haptoglobin Serum test is a specialized blood test to check for red blood cell destruction. Haptoglobin is a protein made by your liver that "cleans up" components from destroyed red blood cells. If many red blood cells are being broken down (a condition called hemolytic anemia), the haptoglobin is used up, and levels in the blood will be low. This test is essential for investigating the cause of anemia or jaundice. A simple blood draw provides this critical, specific insight, helping your doctor diagnose the precise cause of your blood-related symptoms.