This is the essential, rapid first-look test for Tuberculosis (TB). If you have a persistent cough, this test provides a fast, preliminary answer. It involves a microscopic examination of your sputum (phlegm) sample using a special 'Ziehl-Neelsen' or 'AFB' stain. This stain makes the specific TB-causing bacteria visible, allowing our pathologists to identify them. While a culture provides the final, definitive diagnosis, this rapid smear test is the critical first step. It gives your doctor the immediate, actionable information needed to begin your care and ensure public safety.